Oklahoma City Essay Example for Free

Oklahoma City Essay This paper will describe the historical geography of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma’s states capital. There are several sections to this assignment, which starts with the original settlers in this city, their motivation to inhabit the area and research on their ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds. The paper then progresses to describe the economy basis in the early years, its development over the years and the changes in the population, socio-economic, physical and cultural background, which appeals to tourists. At the finale of this essay, they will be a segment which highlights the well-known personalities which were born in Oklahoma City and their corresponding achievements. It took approximately 100 years from its day of birth on April 22 1889 for Oklahoma City to be the metropolitan it is today. Oklahoma was first recorded in history in the year 1541, when they were the home to Plains Indian tribe, consisting of Osage, Kiowa, Apache and Comanche (Gibson, 1965). Subsequently, in the year 1803, the United States purchased Oklahoma as a piece of the Louisiana Purchase. Seventeen years later, the federal government forced the Five Civilized Tribes to leave their homeland in southeastern United States, such as Alabama, Arkansas and Mississippi River to other parts of the country, namely Oklahoma. Gibson (1965) in his book Oklahoma: The History of Five Centuries also detailed the Trail of Tears in 1838 in which many men, women and children were forced to walk a torturous journey to Oklahoma, and some even lost their lives. Here we notice the changeover of settlers from the Plains Indians Tribe to the Five Tribes and upon this settlement, Oklahoma became an Indian Territory. Cultural, Ethnic Religious Background The Five Tribes relied primarily on maize agriculture, fishing and hunting. Households generally included the extended families with kinship based on matrilineal clean system. Temple architectures, ceremonial centers and elaborate rituals such as the Corn Dance existed, as a tribute to the growing of corn and respect to the Sun. They also made traditional crafts such as coiled pottery, natural fiber blankets and articles of shaped copper (Stein Hill, 1993). The next settlers who made Oklahoma their home were the cowboys. Coming from their home in Texas, they were out to sell beef to the East Coast where there was a huge demand for it. They soon realized that that fastest way to get to their final destination was to cut through Oklahoma, which was not only closer to the railroads; it was also an excellent location to rear cattle. The cowboys began to research and found out that there was a piece of land which was not a part of the Indian Territory: the Unassigned Lands. Finally on April 22 1889, President Benjamin Harrison signed a legislation that opened up the 2 million acres of Unassigned Lands to these settlers. Oklahoma was officially the nation’s 46th state on November 16 1907, when the Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory merged (Baird, 1994). Economical and Social Development Oklahoma City started with approximately 10,000 people in 1800’s, and a drastic increase to 718737 in 1970, and 1,143,404 people in 2005. By the year 1900, Oklahoma Territory had slightly more than 19,000,000 acres which were used for cultivation. Oklahoma’s another source of income started off with agriculture, which begin in a small way and in the early 1900’s, nearly every farmer owned cattle which they could sell for an annual income and also for supply for food. This immense development in agriculture and stock rising fascinated many people from the neighboring states (Dale Wardell, 1948). Many believed that oil was the main reason for the influx in people and money, from the early 1900 till sometime around the 1960s. The City suffered the biggest hit in the 1960s’ when the oil supply started to draw to a close. After the oil-dominated days, Oklahoma City started to diversity with a great selection of businesses, such as agriculture, aviation, healthcare and manufacturing. Among the facts to illustrate Oklahoma’s high points is that it is the home to approximately 150 Fortune 500 facilities, such as ATT, Sonic, OGE Energy and Oklahoma Publishing Company. Oklahoma is also the largest tire producing state in the country, and Oklahoma’s Aviation and Aerospace industry employs over 143000 employees and generates 10% of the states industrial output (First Commercial Real Estates Corporation, 2003). Being the nations major processing centers for an assortment of ranch products, the metropolis is abode to the worlds prime stocker and feeder cattle market. Farm animals are also big industry in Oklahoma City, extending back to the state’s days as a key cattle center and access to westward development. The city is known as the Horse Show Capital of the World for the nine major national and international horse shows held annually. Further current and upcoming businesses include fabricated metal, computers, clothing lines, oil-field gears, crude oil, distribution and food processing. Oklahoma City’s Current Landscape Oklahoma City Museum of Art and Oklahoma National Memorial and Museum are the two most prominent tourist attractions today. The storyline for the museum represents the instances following to the bombing, investigation and capture of bomber, Timothy McVeigh. Tourists also get to revisit another piece of history at the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum which has a huge collection of materials from the Wild West, pictures and monuments and the Rodeo Hall of Fame. The Frontier City in Oklahoma is a rebuilt 1880s Oklahoma settlement and an amusement park. It has more than 50 rides, such as roller coasters and water rides. It also prides itself with the live shows and musical reviews. Personalities from Oklahoma City There are numerous personalities who were born or lived Oklahoma city, amongst them are James Garner, Bill Goldberg, Vince Gill, Tisha Campbell, Thomas P Stafford, Shannon Miller, Dennis Weaver and Ralph Ellison (Wikipedia, 2007). For the purpose of this paper, three personalities will be highlighted: James Garner, Shannon Lee Miller and Tisha Campell-Martin. James Garner is a well-known actor who has starred in films including The Great Escape and the Americanization of Emily. He was also the proud owner of American International Racers (AIR) from 1967 to 1969 (Alvey, 2007). Shannon Lee Miller is gymnast from Oklahoma who has won more than 15 medals. Miller does Oklahoma City proud by being the first and only American gymnast to be the World All-Around Champion for two consecutive years from 1993. However in 2000, she broke her leg and lost out on an opportunity to be in the Olympic team for the third time. Since then, Miller has turned to the academics and is currently pursuing a degree in law (People Magazine, 2006) . Tisha Campbell-Martin, the â€Å"My Wife and Kids† fame was born in Oklahoma City, but grew up in Newark and subsequently entered the show-business with several notable performances. She enrolled in the American Film Institute and the Writer’s Boot Camp to expand on her current skillsets and went on to produce a short film titled ‘A Luv Tale’ which won the Audience Choice Award in the Black Hollywood Film Festival. She and husband Duane Martin currently reside in California with their six year old son. Campbell has now ventured into writing- her latest projects being a cookbook and a novel (IMDB, 2007).

Djuna Barnes: A Forgotten Ferocity of the 1920s Essay example -- puzzl

Djuna Barnes was an outspoken and fiercely witty modernist writer of the 1920’s. She was known for her somewhat puzzling writing, her bravery when it came to her own journalism, and her everyday intense persona. She is a figure that, one would think, would have never been forgotten, yet with time, and somewhat by her own doing, she has faded into the background of the 1920’s writers. So much so that, â€Å"Barnes once described herself as 'the most famous unknown writer', and this was an astute remark.† (Loncraine.) Barnes was born in 1892, in New York state to her mother and her eccentric Father (who was rather fond of polyamory). She lived in a home with her Grandmother, Father, Mother, her Father’s Mistress, and her brothers and sisters. She and her sibling were never formally schooled, but instead taught by their Grandmother, whose description in Rebecca Loncraine’s article, lends an understanding to Djuna’s unique personality, The Barnes children were all educated at home, largely by their grandmother, Zadel Barnes, who was a suffragist, journalist and spirit medium. Barnes's childhood was not happy, and it haunted her writing. (Loncraine) After the separation of her parents, in 1912, she with her Mother and brothers, moved to New York City. She studied at the Pratt Institute of art, until financial troubles forced her to look for work to support her family and her grandmother’s failing health. She is said to have walked into the Brooklyn Daily Eagle and announced, â€Å"I can draw and write, and you’d be a fool not to hire me,† a bold statement that landed her a job in journalism, where her career as a soon to be modernist would begin to flourish. Just as her statement that landed her the job was bold, so was her approach to writ... ...er writer in Paris in the 1920s. For Joyce presented Miss Barnes in 1923 with the original manuscript of Ulysses containing all of it’s annotations. Works Cited: Loncraine, Rebecca. "Djuna Barnes: an unknown modernist: Rebecca Loncraine introduces Djuna Barnes, one of America's least known and most intriguing Modernist writers." The English Review 15.3 (2005): 34+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 Apr. 2014. Field, Andrew, and Andrew Field. Djuna, the Formidable Miss Barnes. Austin: University of Texas, 1985. Print. Bombaci, Nancy. "â€Å"Well Of Course, I Used To Be Absolutely Gorgeous Dear†: The Female Interviewer As Subject/Object In Djuna Barnes's Journalism." Criticism 44.2 (2002): 161-185. Art Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 7 Apr. 2014. Barnes, Djuna. The Book of Repulsive Women: 8 Rhythms and 5 Drawings. Los Angeles, CA: Sun & Moon, 1994. Print.

The Role of Classroom Interaction in a Primary Level Classroom

The function of schoolroom interaction in a primary degree schoolroom has been the centre of focal point in many surveies conducted in this field. Most of the surveies were carried out by western research workers in which the schoolroom interaction was critically studied to happen its impact on the future mentality / public presentation of a pupil. These surveies cover assorted spheres of schoolroom interaction covering teacher-student and peer-peer interaction. Since we have a curious socio-economic apparatus in Pakistan which differs from the western civilizations, there is null that needs to be filled up by analyzing a schoolroom interaction in the model of the predominating teaching civilization of our state. Furthermore, in our civilization learning profession has ne'er been of premier importance instead professions like technology, medical or being a pilot in PAF is more preferable. This has resulted in encephalon drain in the instruction profession. Young alumnuss who do non happen any occupation, bend to the learning profession as a last resort. Furthermore, in the socio-economic apparatus of our state instruction is a low-income profession, which force instructors to merely go through the category room clip learning nil, and have their ain tuition centres to learn at eventides. Additionally the pupils from the less fortunate backgrounds find it hard to prosecute in peer-peer interaction or have violent attitudes in class-room interaction which, at times, proves counter-productive. This survey aims to research kineticss of category room interaction in a primary degree category room and outlines a scheme to work out this job.Statement of ProblemTo analyze category room interaction in a primary category room environment.Scope of StudyThis survey will place the cardinal factors that contribute to category room interaction in a primary degree category room. It will besides individual out hindrances being faced by schools in Pakistan to heighten category room interaction. This survey may be used as a helpful usher in explicating a composite policy towards heightening category room interaction in the school systems in Pakistan.Significance of this SurveyAfter independency in 1947, no serious idea was of all time given to construction our educational system on a solid and balance, exhaustively worked out termss that should bring forth a regiment of good groomed, socially confident and focussed work Equus caballuss to turn to the intensifying issues of a freshly born p rovince. Quiet opposed to that a fire combat policy, non wholly sing the socio-religious and the socio-economic background of the people, was the chief drive force behind preparation of our instruction policy. This resulted in state of affairs where the intelligent and bright pupils from a university would stop up using for occupations other so the instruction professions and finally the rejected batch found a topographic point in our schooling system as instructors where they would vent off their egocentric and societal want on their pupils. This survey would try to bring out the fact that deficiency of category room interaction is because of inept and incapable instructors. Furthermore, if any efforts to relieve the category room interaction are done, so the deficiency of vision by such instructors proves to be the chief hindrance. This survey would be a valuable service to the society and the state and will function the intent to be a guide line in explicating a composite instruction policy to eliminate the defects of the present twenty-four hours primary school system. This instruction policy can be implemented for both the populace every bit good as private sector schools.Literature ReviewBoth Kenneth and Bruffee ( 1984 ) have observed that the degree of pupils ‘ engagement in schoolroom interaction is straight relative to the grade of instructor ‘s engagement. They have farther outlined that the most direct manner to make category room interaction is that the instructor follow the rules of collaborative acquisition in which the instructor prepares a acquisition job or undertaking and so delegate little groups of pupils to work out the job collaboratively. Teachers ‘ engagement in schoolroom interaction was besides advocated by Hill ( 1969 ) who opines that the instructor ‘s function is most of import in planing the undertaking. Once groups have begun work, the instructor should make no more than unobtrusively supervise the procedure because the group needs to decide the procedure themselves. Prediction of human behavior under a peculiar set of fortunes have been studied by assorted research workers which conclude that human head tend to larn fast when acquisition is conducted in groups. Meyers ( 1986 ) besides pointed out that larning is fast provided the collaborative undertakings are decently designed.|3|Research QuestionsThe survey shall take to the reply the followers: – ( a ) Is the category room interaction in our schooling system degrading or is reforming? ( B ) How strongly the instructor ‘ behavior towards heightening the category room interaction at primary degree category room affects the overall response of the pupils. ( degree Celsius ) How long will it take to reform the category room interaction job in our schooling system?HypothesisThe survey is based on the undermentioned hypothesis: – â€Å" Incapable instructors are the chief ground why category room interaction is non prevailing in our primary category room environment. †Definition of Key Words/ FootingsIn this survey, following nomenclatures are used and explained below. ( a ) Peer-peer Interaction: This term signifies all interactions that occur between the participants of common age groups i.e. pupils of the same category in a school. ( B ) Socioeconomic Index. Socioeconomic index of a instructor is a composite appraisal of his instruction and wealth whereas for a pupil it is based on the business, instruction and wealth of his parents. ( degree Celsius ) Collaborative Learning: Collaborative acquisition means planing larning undertaking or job by the instructor which is so handed over to the pupils to work out collaboratively. ( vitamin D ) Analysis of variance: A Analysis of Variance is a aggregation ofA statistical theoretical accounts and associated processs in which the observedA varianceA in a peculiar variable is classified into constituents which can be attributed to assorted beginnings of fluctuation.Research MethodologyA intercrossed theoretical account consisting of both the qualitative and quantitative research methodological analysiss will be employed for informations acquisition for this survey because it tend to execute better in set abouting any research. For this intent, questionnaires and interviews of the pupils and instructors will be the chief beginning of informations assemblage. Population and Sampling. The population for this research will be the pupils and instructors of the selected schools. This survey will include pupils and instructors of primary degree, both from private schools every bit good as public sector schools. From private sector Beacon House and City School have been chosen and from the populace sector, F.G. School and Army Public School have been chosen. All of these schools are situated in Karachi, Hyderabad and Nawab Shah country. A sum of 30 schools dwelling of 20 private and 10 public sector owned schools have been chosen. Sample size will consists of 15 pupils and 20 instructors from public sector school whereas 10 pupils and 15 instructors will organize up the sample size from the private sector schools. The entire sample size will be 950 that will include 550 instructors and 400 pupils in all. Research Instruments. As outlined earlier, this research will follow a loanblend theoretical account which is a combination of both the qualitative and quantitative research methodological analysiss. Following the traditions of qualitative methodological analysis, in the flesh interviews with both the pupils and instructors will be conducted. The instructors will be asked the grounds for worsening category room interaction and what are the salary construction that is being followed in prevalent schools. The pupils will be asked to sketch the grade of interest/ counsel provided by a certain instructor. To cover up the quantitative sphere, questionnaires will be used for informations assemblage. The questionnaire will be given to both instructors and pupils. The instructors will foreground their income inside informations, the figure of household member they have to back up, their matrimonial position, the educational makings they have, did they follow the instruction profession by wil l or by irresistible impulse. The pupil will be subjected to reply inquiries such as the educational degree of their parents and the income or household wealth. Two separate questionnaires will be prepared ; one for the instructors and one for the pupils. The questionnaire for instructors should be prepared in such a manner as non to pique them, and for the pupils it should be prepared harmonizing to the comprehension degree of the pupils. In both instances it should be a combination of multiple pick inquiries ( MCQs ) and make full in the clean type of questionnaire. The interviews required will be 15-20 proceedingss long for the pupils and 20-25 proceedingss long for the instructors.Plan of Data Analysis18. ROOTS and SPSSA ( Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ) package bundles will be used for the information analysis. These package bundles provide Descriptive statistics, Bivariate statistics, anticipation for results and anticipation for placing groups which helps in effectual informations analysis. Statistical theoretical accounts like ANOVA ( Analysis of Variance ) will be used to analyse lending factors across the instructors and pupils groups belonging to different socio-economic groups. Recursive abstraction and mechanical techniques will be employed for the qualitative analysis. Bar charts, Pie charts and Histograms will be used for statistical comparing of informations.Validity and Reliability19. Interviewer documentation and equal debriefing will be used as a method of set uping the cogency of qualitative analysis whereas the questionnaires distributed among the selected schools shall organize up the quantitative analysis.Ethical Considerations20. The research will be carried out in such a mode that confidentiality of all of the information is purely ensured. This will be done by nearing the direction of the selected schools. They will be taken into assurance on the purpose and the principle behind the research. The participants of the survey will be provided full confidentiality by maintaining their names confidential. Furthermore, entree to the information of this survey will be provided to the pa rticipants of the survey merely.Summary of the Proposal21. The intent of this research is to analyze the kineticss of category room interaction in a primary degree category room. The survey was based on the premise that category room interaction in a primary degree category room is affected by multiple factors. These factors include socio-economic standing of the instructors, the ability/competency degree of the instructors and the socio-economic standing of the pupils. Among these the first two are the premier factors in finding the overall degree of the category room interaction. The research theoretical account employed for informations assemblage and analysis is a mixture of both the quantitative and qualitative methods. For the intent of this survey, the population will be defined as all the instructors and pupils of the selected schools of primary degree educational section of Pakistan enrolled. Sample size will be 900 that shall include 500 instructors and 400 pupils from 30 different private and public schools.Time Activity Chart22. Research shall be conducted for continuance of six months, with consequence from 01 October, 2011 boulder clay 01 April, 2012. Timelines for assorted activities of the research are as follows: –Datas AnalysisUndertakingTable 1: Time Activity ChartFinalization of participants30Time line ( Weeks )Result FinalizationReading trials, questionnaire readying272421183691215

Sandy Hook Elementary Paper

On December 14, 2012, 20-year-old Adam Lanza fatally shot twenty children and six adult staff members in a mass murder at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. It was the second deadliest mass shooting by a single person in American history, after the 2007 Virginia Tech Massacre. At some point before Adam Lanza, 20, arrived at school, he killed his mother Nancy Lanza. He grabbed three guns from the house – a semi-automatic AR-15 assault rifle and 2 pistols – and went to the elementary school wearing black fatigues and a military vest. Classes were under way at the school.Approximately 700 students were present (CNN, 2012). Earlier this year, the school principal, Dawn Lafferty, ordered a new security system installed that required visitors to be visibly identified and buzzed in. As part of the security system, the school locked its doors each day at 9:30 a. m. The door was locked when the gunman arrived. Authorities now know the gunman used â€Å"an ass ault weapon† to â€Å"literally (shoot) an entrance into the building (CNN, 2012). When Principal Lafferty heard loud pops, she, school psychologist Mary Sherlach and Vice Principal Natalie Hammond went out to investigate.Only Hammond returned from the hallway alive. She was wounded. At 9:30 a. m. , as announcements were read over the loudspeaker to the students, shots were heard across the school. Students described being ushered into bathrooms and closets by teachers after hearing the first shots (CNN, 2012). Lanza moved toward two classrooms of kindergartners and first-graders, police said. In one classroom was Lauren Rousseau, a substitute teacher who was filling in for a teacher out on maternity leave. The gunman shot all 14 students in the classroom, law enforcement officers said (CNN, 2012).In another classroom, Victoria Soto, 27, moved her first-grade students away from the door. The gunman burst in and shot her, according to the father of a surviving student. Six stu dents were killed in that classroom. At the police station, dispatchers began to take calls from inside the school. Officers say the first emergency call about the shooting came in at 9:30 a. m. Police and other first responders arrived on scene about 20 minutes after the first calls. Police report that no law enforcement officers discharged their weapons at any point.The gunman took his own life, police said. He took out a handgun and shot himself in a classroom as law enforcement officers approached, officials said. Twenty students, ages 6 and 7, and six adults were killed at the school. Police secured the building, ensuring no other shooters were on site. Police then escorted students and faculty out of the building to a nearby firehouse (CNN, 2012). As reports of the shooting made their way around town, frantic parents descended on the firehouse where the children had been taken.By nightfall, the firehouse became a gathering point for parents and family members whose loved ones would never walk out of the school (CNN, 2012). The shootings prompted renewed debate about gun control, the ban of certain types of semi-automatic firearms and magazines as well as the effect violent video games have on society. Senator Dianne Feinstein of California introduced legislation that would ban the sale and manufacture of 157 types of semi-automatic weapons, as well as magazines holding more than 10 rounds of ammunition.The goal of the bill, she said, is â€Å"to dry up the supply of these weapons over time. † Unfortunately Senator Feinstein’s bill was killed in the senate and no gun control laws passed (Steinhauer, 2013). The attention has also turned on restricting violent video games from being sold to children. Researchers found that typical college students who played violent video games for 20 minutes at a time for three consecutive days showed increasingly higher levels of aggressive behavior each day they played.Other researchers have conducted a com prehensive review of 136 articles reporting 381 effects involving over 130,000 participants around the world. These studies show that violent video games increase aggressive thoughts, angry feelings, physiological arousal (e. g. , heart rate, blood pressure), and aggressive behavior. Violent games also decrease helping behavior and feelings of empathy for others. The effects occurred for males and females of all ages, regardless of what country they lived in (Whitaker & Bushman, 2012). The effects of these games go beyond making players more aggressive.People who played first-person shooting games were more accurate than others when firing a realistic gun at a mannequin and more likely to aim for and hit the head. Gender is also an issue when it comes to violence. Males are largely responsible for more than 99% of mass shootings. Being a male does not mean that one will become a killer but being a male in a culture that has some measure of gender inequality and links masculinity wit h violence does make it likely. (Raskoff, 2013) To date, no women have perpetrated such mass killings using guns.Women are usually less socially isolated than men. They are raised to be more connected to others and to share their issues while men are encouraged to figure things out on their own and hold in their emotional distress. (Raskoff, 2013) Social class is also relevant when analyzing why these mass shootings occur. The shooters tend to be young men from middle or upper middle class backgrounds. This could explain the access they have to legal automatic weapons, along with their invisibility to law enforcement and the hyper visibility to the media.Vandalism or acting out behaviors are perceived and dealt with differently at the different social classes. Shootings occur much more in working class or poverty stricken. (Raskoff, 2013) According to recent research, a link has been suggested between anti-depressant pharmaceuticals, depression and violence. Antidepressants are supp osed to make people feel happier and more at ease, but a study has linked several prescription antidepressants to an increased risk of violent behavior, including physical assault and homicide. In addition, they can lead to addiction and serious withdrawal symptoms.The United Kingdom has banned nearly all antidepressants in kids in 2004 due to the increased risk of suicide. The United States, however, is still allowing big Pharmaceutical companies to rake in the profits from these deadly, mind-altering drugs (Dr. Mercola, 2008). Entertainment is also an issue when it comes to violence. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, television programs display 812 violent acts per hour. Further, the typical American child will view more than 200,000 acts of violence, including 16,000 murders, before they turn 18 (Chou, 2013).According to Jane Brown, a professor at the University of North Carolina, The more violence children see in the media, the more violent vi deo games they play, the more likely they are to be aggressive in their own lives. She adds that watching the movie â€Å"Kill Bill† may not make people want to kill someone in real life, but young people who are naturally aggressive see violence in the media and think it's an appropriate way to solve conflict (Chou, 2013). There are many different factors that contribute to violence and we need to address them in order to curb the amount of murders and shootings in the United States.

A Bear of Very Many Words Winnie-the-Pooh in the Dictionary

A Bear of Very Many Words Winnie-the-Pooh in the Dictionary A Bear of Very Many Words: Winnie-the-Pooh in the Dictionary Did you know that today, January 18, was A. A. Milne’s birthday? To mark this, people around the world are celebrating Milne’s much-loved creation, Winnie-the-Pooh. And for Winnie-the-Pooh Day this year, we thought we’d take a quick look at the language of Pooh. Pooh and friends. But what can a bear of very little brain offer the English language? More than you might expect! In fact, if we look at the Oxford English Dictionary, Pooh and his friends pop up a few times†¦ 1. Pooh-Sticks Perhaps the most obvious bit of Pooh in the dictionary comes with â€Å"pooh-sticks.† This is the game that Winnie-the-Pooh and his friends play by dropping sticks into a river on the upstream side of a bridge. The contestants then rush to the other side to see whose stick emerges first. This might not sound like a competitive sport, but the World Poohsticks Championships have been taking place in England for 35 years now! Pooh-sticks in action.(Photo: Malc McDonald) 2. Eeyore and Tigger Among Pooh’s friends in the Hundred Acre Wood, Eeyore and Tigger stand out for their contributions to the English language. Eeyore, the downbeat donkey, appears in the OED as a term for a â€Å"pessimistic, gloomy, or habitually disconsolate person† (or you can use the adjective â€Å"Eeyore-like, if you prefer). A â€Å"Tigger,† on the other hand, is defined as an â€Å"exuberant, energetic, and cheerful person.† The famously bouncy tiger has also inspired two adjectives: â€Å"Tiggerish† and â€Å"Tigger-like.† It seems, then, that Winnie-the-Pooh offers terms for people of very different temperaments! 3. Heffalumps and Woozles In A. A. Milne’s writing, heffalumps and woozles are (possibly imaginary) creatures that steal honey. And since Winnie-the-Pooh is really, truly very fond of honey, he has to be wary of these sneaky beasts! The words â€Å"heffalump† and â€Å"woozle,† and the creatures’ appearances, are based on the English words â€Å"elephant† and â€Å"weasel,† respectively. But outside of Milne’s writing, â€Å"heffalump† has become a playful word for real-life elephants (or sometimes, less politely, larger human beings). Sadly, the word â€Å"woozle† hasn’t yet made it into the dictionary. However, it has inspired the term â€Å"woozle effect.† This is based on the story of Pooh and Piglet mistaking their own footprints for those of a woozle, then chasing themselves in circles in a hunt for something that doesn’t exist. In the real world, the â€Å"woozle effect† occurs when a misleading or unsubstantiated idea is repeated and republished often enough that people start believing it (or chasing their own footprints, so to speak). So while â€Å"woozle† isn’t in the dictionary yet, it still might appear there one day!

Alcohol Consumption Interventions

Alcohol Consumption Interventions To investigate how interventions may work we will look at the effects of alcohol consumption on individuals and populations, and draw attention to the search for policies that protect health, prevent health problems such as liver cirrhosis, cardiovascular disease and disability, and address the social problems associated with the misuse of alcohol consumption. What alcohol policy is why it is needed, which interventions are effective, how policy is made, and how scientific evidence can inform the policy-making process? Also looking at why the higher the average amount of alcohol consumed in a society, the greater the incidence of problems experienced by that society. We will access the policy responses that are considered to reduce alcohol consumption: alcohol taxation, legislative controls on alcohol availability, and age restrictions on alcohol purchasing, media information campaigns, school-based education, community action programs, and treatment interventions. Considering the i nfluence of environments that people live in, effects of cultures and social norms that define the appropriate uses of alcohol. The value of population thinking in alcohol policy, and its ability to identify health risks and suggest appropriate interventions comparing different intervention strategies in terms of their effectiveness, and the ever-changing process that needs to constantly adapt to the evidence of new research results and tested intervention if it is to serve the interests of public health. One of the biggest determinants to alcohol consumption is the advertising and marketing of alcohol products by the drinks industry. The extent and the nature of alcohol marketing will be examined to illustrate its effects on consumption, cultures and social norms. We will show that more evidence is needed to progress education as a viable intervention. Showing evidence that the majority of the population, alter their damaging drinking through the phenomenon of spontaneous remission , maturing out or self change. It is good practice to learn from the past to plan for the future, the control of alcohol production, distribution, and consumption, has been around for thousands of years, such as requiring that all wine be diluted with water before being sold, these were devised by monarchs, governments, and the clergy to prevent alcohol-related problems. But it was not until the rise of modern medicine and the emergence of the world Temperance Movement in the 19th century that alcohol policy was first seen as a potential instrument of public health. Between 1914 and 1921, laws prohibiting the manufacture and sale of all or most forms of beverage alcohol were adopted in the United States, Canada, Norway, Iceland, Finland, and Russia (Paulson 1973). Most of these laws were repealed during the 1920s and 1930s, and replaced by less extreme regulatory policies. To view alcohol policies through the narrowly focused perspective of prohibition, however, is to ignore the fac t that most policy-making during the past century has been incremental, deliberate, and respectful of people’s right to drink in moderation.: Alcohol control policies in public health perspective (Bruun et al. 1975), Sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO), the monograph drew attention to the preventable nature of alcohol problems and to the role of national governments and international agencies in the formulation of rational and effective alcohol policies.

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 64

Art - Essay Example Believers held that faith alone enable them to become accepted by God. They also taught scriptures (Kleiner 145). They refused to socialize with others at public events, did not eat sacrificial meals, and also refused to worship in roman temples. Jews and Judaism got tolerated in Rome pre-Constantine through a diplomatic treaty. The Jews shared various common beliefs and practices as those of pre-Constantine Rome. They were exempted from official roman sacrifices under different periods of roman rule under various conditions. Early Christians in Rome worshipped in private homes as congregational families in dwellings called ‘Tituli’ or Christian community house. In these dwellings the Christians would share dinner and remember the life of Jesus Christ. They would partake in the Eucharist, a Sermon given, and readings from the Old Testament would be shared. Jews also conducted their worship in similar fashion to Christians within private dwellings known as Jewish community houses. A further place of worship for early Christians was the ‘catacombs’, which were deep underground tunnels that served as burial places too (Kleiner 198). They offered a destination for intense pilgrimage for early Christians as well. Catacombs also served as meeting houses for persecuted Christian during the time. These dwellings in modern times can be viewed as the church for Christians and synagogues or temples for Jews. The Romanesque period of art and architecture was characterized by sacred rulers. The sacred nature of the rulers saw the art and architecture of the time become influenced by religion. The structure of Christian worship at the time was the church, which became viewed as a sacred building by the rulers (Kleiner 212). The Romanesque period saw an increase in the height and overall size of the church building. The roofs became vaulted and got supported by massive pillars, thick stone walls, and rounded arches. The creation of large